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Preface
This manual is intended to help users to correctly install and use this equipment, so that the equipment can achieve the best operating effect and the longest service life. Therefore, please spend some time to read this manual carefully when installing and using this equipment.
The production capacity of each device is set at a raw water temperature of 25℃. If the raw water temperature changes to a certain extent during actual operation, its production capacity will change to a certain extent. Of course, changes in other conditions of the raw water will affect the quality and output of the product water, which will be explained in the relevant chapters and related function introductions later.
The reverse osmosis process uses a permeable spiral membrane to separate and remove soluble solids, organic matter, colloids and bacteria in water. Raw water is sent to and passed through the reverse osmosis membrane at a certain pressure. The water passes through the tiny pores of the membrane and is collected to obtain pure water. Impurities in the water are concentrated in the interception liquid and discharged. The RO membrane can remove more than 96% of soluble solids, more than 99% of organic matter and colloids, and almost 100% of bacteria in raw water.
RO equipment is one of the most advanced equipment for producing pure water in the world's water treatment equipment. It has low operating costs, is economical, easy to operate, and reliable in operation. It is the first choice for merchants to produce pure water.
Pretreatment system operation procedures
One. Multi-media filter:
After the quartz sand is loaded into the media filter, it should be backwashed and forward washed to remove impurities and suspended matter in the filter material, thereby reducing the turbidity of the water and improving the clarity. The specific operation procedures are as follows:
1. Open the backwash valve and drain valve of the multi-media filter, close the water inlet valve and the sewage valve, and start the raw water pump for backwashing, which takes about one hour;
2. After backwashing, forward washing must be performed. The water inlet valve and the drain valve must be opened, and the other valves must be closed. The raw water valve is started, and the cleaning time is about 40 minutes.
The above cleaning needs to be repeated until the effluent water quality is clear and free of any impurities and suspended matter.
Two. Activated carbon filter
After the activated carbon is loaded into the activated carbon filter, it should be backwashed first, and then washed forward to remove the black powder and other impurities in the filter material. The specific operation method is as follows:
a) Open the water inlet valve of the multi-media filter, the backwash valve of the activated carbon filter, the drain valve, and close the other valves. Start the raw water pump (or tap water valve) for about 1 hour;
b) After backwashing, perform positive washing. Open the water inlet valve and drain valve of the multi-media filter. The other valves must be closed. Perform positive washing until the outlet water is free of impurities.
Generally, the filler cannot be completely cleaned once or twice after being loaded into the filter. It must be repeatedly washed back and forth. Therefore, the pretreatment system must be cleaned before the reverse osmosis system is used until the outlet water is clear and free of impurities. The RO system can be put into operation (or debugged).
Three, softener
The softener mainly removes the calcium and magnesium ion content in the water. After the cation exchange grease is loaded into the filter, it should be backwashed and forward washed first until the water is clear. Then use sodium chloride and solution for regeneration. The specific operation method is as follows:
1. First prepare the saturated sodium chloride solution and put it into the salt box, open the emptying and inlet valve, close the other valves and the water inlet valve before fine filtration, start the salt pump, the amount of salt solution should be 20cm higher than the resin layer or until it overflows from the emptying, soak for 4-8 hours.
2. Backwashing should be performed after soaking. When backwashing, open the water inlet valve of the multi-media filter, the water inlet valve of the activated carbon filter, the backwash valve of the softener, the drain valve, close the other valves, start the raw water pump to enter the backwashing process, wash until the water is clear and free of impurities and saltiness, then forward wash for 5-10 minutes before putting it into use.
RO inlet conditions
One、 Set production status operating parameters:
This RO machine should be operated under the following raw water conditions. It is very important to check whether your raw water is within this limit. RO water inlet conditions that do not meet the standards will cause permanent and irreversible contamination and damage to the membrane group components. Membrane contamination and damage caused by this situation are not within the warranty range of the system. And the RO inlet water must meet the following requirements:
Maximum water supply pressure: 0.15Mpa Total iron ≤ 0.1mg/L
Maximum water supply: Turbidity SDI ﹤ 4
Water supply temperature 4℃-40℃ Manganese ≤0.05mg/L
PHA range: 4-9 Organic matter ≤ 1mg/L
Hardness: 17mg/L (calculated as CaCo3) Residual chlorine ≤ 0.05mg/L
Total dissolved solids: TDS≤1500mg/L COD≤1.5mg/L
TOC≤2 mg/L NUT≤0.5mg/L
Free chlorine: not detectable
Two、 Tap water source
Tap water is chlorinated due to disinfection, so a filter must be installed before RO to remove the residual chlorine in the water. The reverse osmosis membrane in this commercial RO system is a polyamide composite membrane. If there is free chlorine in the raw water, the membrane will be irreversibly damaged. The membrane damaged by chlorine in the raw water is not within the warranty range.
Three、 Hard water
The raw water hardness must be below 17mg/L. To meet this requirement, it is recommended to install a suitable softener or antiscalant dosing device before the reverse osmosis system. The damage to the reverse osmosis membrane caused by scaling due to excessive raw water hardness is not within the warranty range.
Four、 Raw water temperature and water output
The rated water output of the equipment is set under the assumption that the raw water temperature is 25℃. The water output of the reverse osmosis system decreases as the raw water temperature decreases. In general, the water output will decrease by 3% for every 1℃ decrease in water temperature.
Five、 Iron in raw water
Once the iron content in the raw water is greater than 0.1 mg/L, you need a filter to remove iron. For questions in this regard, you can consult relevant experts, and we can also give you strong help.
Components of the equipment
One. Composition of reverse osmosis equipment
1、 Raw water pump;
2、 Low pressure controller;
3、 High pressure pump;
4、 Membrane housing;
5、 RO membrane;
6、 Water conductivity meter;
7、 Concentrated water regulating valve;
8、 Pure water flow meter and concentrated water flow meter;
9、 Membrane flushing battery valve;
10、 Pressure gauge;
11、 Electric control cabinet;
II. Main functions of each component of the equipment:
1. Raw water pump.
The raw water pump is set at the inlet end of the high-pressure pump to deliver water that meets the set pressure requirements to the high-pressure pump, provide the safety protection pressure set at the inlet of the high-pressure pump, and protect the high-pressure pump so that the system can operate safely and normally.
2. Imported low-pressure controller.
Prevent the reverse osmosis high-pressure pump from running or working under the condition of lack of water or no water, causing damage to the pump. The low-pressure pole parameters used in this series of equipment have been adjusted in the factory.
3. High-pressure pump
The main function is to increase the pressure of the incoming water to overcome the osmotic pressure and have sufficient residual pressure to produce pure water. The high-pressure pump is one of the key components of the RO equipment, and its performance is closely related to the performance of the whole machine. The high-pressure pump should not be idling during operation; it should not be overloaded for a long time; the inlet water pressure should not be lower than the minimum limit pressure (controlled by the inlet low-pressure controller). In normal operation management, you should always pay attention to exhausting the high-pressure pump and ensure that the power line and junction box are dry.
4. RO membrane shell
Used to accommodate reverse osmosis membrane elements, bear pressure and create a high-pressure environment for reverse osmosis operation. The membrane shell adopts the end seal form. During installation and maintenance, attention must be paid to the quality of the sealing ring to prevent damage to the effective seal. When installing the membrane, vaseline can be applied to the rubber sealing ring, which is convenient for disassembly and can increase the sealing. During the reverse osmosis pressure test, attention should be paid to observing the sealing of the membrane shell end.
5. RO membrane:
Installation precautions and guidance
One. Equipment installation precautions
1. This equipment should be installed in a dry place as much as possible, because long-term humid environment will affect the quality of the outlet water and cause damage to electrical equipment and components.
2. The system should be placed in a place that is convenient for operators to enter for operation and maintenance, and sufficient space should be left on the west side.
3. When choosing the installation site, the pre-treatment device (sand filter, carbon filter, softener, etc.) should be placed in a suitable position and in accordance with the discharge sequence of the process flow.
4. The equipment must be fixed to prevent the equipment from shaking when the high-pressure pump is turned on.
5. After the pretreatment and the main engine are in place as required, they are connected with PVC, ABS or stainless steel pipe valves. The pipeline is required to be fixed.
6. The connection of electrical wires must be operated by qualified electrical technicians. Reliable grounding must be considered.
7. The installation site should ensure that the ambient temperature is between 4℃-40℃.
8. The height of the pure water collection point (such as the inlet of the pure water tank) should not be higher than 1.5 meters from the outlet of the pure water equipment, otherwise it will generate back pressure on the reverse osmosis membrane, causing irreversible damage to the reverse osmosis membrane.
9. Valves and any devices that block the outflow of pure water cannot be installed in the pure water outlet connection pipeline.
10 For electrical installation, please refer to the wiring diagram. (d Electrical installation connection diagram)
Two. Host system control panel description
Electric control selection switch
1. The function of the "raw water pump (off/on)" selection switch is to start and stop the raw water pump.
2. The function of the "high pressure pump (off/on)" selection switch is to start and stop the high pressure pump.
3. The function of the "pure water pump (off/on)" selection switch is to start and stop the delivery of pure water.
Preparation and operation instructions before starting
The long-term use of the reverse osmosis system depends on normal operation and maintenance. Including equipment commissioning, start
operation and daily operation management. Of course, qualified pretreatment is a prerequisite for equipment operation.
One. Reverse osmosis equipment operation preparation:
1. Before starting, observe whether the pretreatment water tank is clean and has sufficient water source, and whether the raw water supply pressure is normal. Whether the main power is turned on and whether the electrical appliances used are connected.
2. Check all valves according to the process to make sure that the valves are in the correct state. Open the pretreatment outlet valve; open the water inlet regulating valve and concentrated water regulating valve on the RO equipment to an appropriate opening; close the reflux regulating valve; pay attention to keeping the water production pipeline unobstructed and without throttling, and discharge or connect the water production tank.
3. Observe that the pretreatment water supply is normal. The outlet water meets the reverse osmosis water inlet requirements. Note: Before the pre-treated water is passed into the reverse osmosis membrane, the pre-treatment must be fully flushed and cleaned, and the pre-treatment water must be adjusted so that the outlet water is not polluted.
Two. Note:
1. Low-pressure flushing. Before the new reverse osmosis membrane starts formal operation, it must be fully low-pressure flushed. After chemical cleaning, it must be fully low-pressure flushed. Normally, low-pressure flushing should be performed when the reverse osmosis is turned on and off.
2. Low-pressure flushing at startup:
a. Check and correctly set the valve status;
b. Open the pretreatment outlet valve and the RO equipment inlet valve to eliminate the weather in the security filter and high-pressure pump;
c. The pressure difference of the security filter is ≤0.03Mpa;
d. Introduce pretreated water into the membrane to remove the air in the membrane;
e. Observe that water is discharged from the reverse osmosis concentrated water outlet and no bubbles appear. The air in the membrane has been exhausted. Continue to introduce pretreated water for 30-60 minutes to fully flush the membrane;
f. When the pretreatment water supply and pressure can be used for reliable low-pressure flushing with a large flow rate, the low-pressure flushing can also be carried out without starting the high-pressure pump, and only with the pretreatment water supply pressure; otherwise, the high-pressure pump can be started for low-pressure flushing of the high-pressure pump; turn the "high-pressure pump (off/on)" to the open position.
g. Properly adjust the water inlet regulating valve and the concentrated water regulating valve. Low-pressure flushing maintains the pressure at 0.2-0.5Mpa. Generally, low-pressure flushing is carried out for 0.5-1 hour.
h. Observe the sealing status of equipment pipe valves, interfaces, membrane shell heads, etc., and require no "running", "bubbling", "drip", "leakage" phenomenon; the pump runs normally, without abnormal vibration and abnormal sound.
i、 Pay attention to observing the system instruments. If any abnormal situation occurs, the machine should be stopped for inspection immediately. The machine can only be restarted after the fault is eliminated.
Note: The pressure of the low-pressure flushing flow must be controlled.
Three. Operation:
1. Start the booster pump first, wait for the pressure to rise to above 0.15Mpa, then start the high-pressure pump, and wait for the reverse osmosis membrane to operate normally after sufficient low-pressure flushing. You can adjust the operating valve to the normal operating pressure, and adjust the water inlet regulating valve, concentrated water regulating valve, and reflux regulating valve very slowly to slowly increase the operating pressure of the reverse osmosis system. Note: The pressure rise rate shall not exceed 0.07Mpa/second. During the adjustment process of the three valves, the concentrated water regulating valve and the reflux regulating valve should be adjusted as the main focus, and the water inlet regulating valve can be kept at 85-100% of the valve opening. Until the water output reaches the set value.
The parameters of the set value are:
Water production;
Return flow;
Operating pressure: 0.8-1.5 Mpa;
Recovery rate: 72%;
2. Let the system run for 1 hour, record the operating parameters and water quality values of the system, and make corresponding analysis.
3. Observe whether the water quality of the produced water meets the water outlet requirements, and collect the produced water into the water production tank.
4. After the reverse osmosis equipment is successfully adjusted, it enters the stable operation stage. The water inlet regulating valve and the return regulating valve do not need to be adjusted every time when the system operates reasonably. It should be noted that:
a. The operating pressure during operation should not be less than 1.5 Mpa;
b. The recovery rate should not be greater than 64%;
c. The concentrated water regulating valve should not be closed at any time;
d. No throttle should be set in the pure water pipeline during operation;
e. The operating pressure of the equipment should be reduced as much as possible, and the concentrated water flow of the membrane group should be increased as much as possible. The equipment should be shut down as little as possible after it is turned on.
5. This equipment has a pressure protection function. When the raw water supply pressure is insufficient, the pressure controller automatically stops the equipment operation. When the pressure is restored, the system automatically starts the equipment. When the above situation occurs, the equipment should be adjusted immediately.
6. It is recommended that users establish equipment operation records.
4. Shutdown:
Once the reverse osmosis equipment is started, it should theoretically operate in a stable state, minimize the number of times the equipment is turned on/off, and the smoother the opening and closing, the better. Therefore, a certain shutdown procedure must be performed;
1. Slowly open the concentrated water regulating valve. Note: The pressure drop rate should not exceed 0.07Mpa/second. When the reverse osmosis pressure is 0.2-0.5Mpa, perform low-pressure flushing of the membrane. Low-pressure flushing can generally be carried out for 3-5 minutes. When the pretreatment pressure water supply is available, the high-pressure pump can be turned off and low-pressure flushing can be carried out by the pretreatment;
2. Set the high-pressure pump selection switch to the "off" position;
3. Turn off the raw water pump and turn off the pretreatment;
4. Prevent the siphoning of the membrane water level due to the low surface of the concentrated water discharge port during shutdown;
5. Close the inlet valve of the reverse osmosis security filter;
6. Check whether the readings of each instrument are zero.
System maintenance and care
A good system not only has reasonable design, reliable equipment, optimized material selection, and careful installation, but also strict operation management and storage are the only guarantees. So it is recommended to have dedicated operation and management personnel with job positioning and responsibilities, and designate technical personnel to be responsible for management. The system situation should be recorded at least twice a day according to the requirements of the System Operation Record Table, in order to analyze the system operation situation. Strictly supervise the operating conditions of the entire system, and
In the event of a system malfunction, the cause should be analyzed in a timely manner, and appropriate inventory reserves should be maintained for vulnerable parts and consumables.
One、 The security filter element should be cleaned frequently, in principle once every 5-7 days. The specific cleaning steps are as follows;
1、 Unscrew the outer shell and take out the filter element;
2、 Rinse the outside of the filter element with clean water;
3、 Soak the filter element in pure water for 30 minutes and rinse it with pure water;
4、 Reinstall it;
5、 If the indicator is still not met after cleaning, it should be replaced. In principle, it should be replaced once every 1-2 months.
Two、 Osmotic membrane
1. If the pretreatment is appropriate, the water quality entering the RO membrane meets the requirements, and the equipment is used according to the operating instructions, the life of the membrane can reach 2-3 years.
2. No matter how perfect the pretreatment is, in the long-term operation process, various pollutants in the water will always accumulate on the membrane, which will reduce the performance of the device (desalination rate and water output) and increase the inlet and outlet pressure of the components. Regular chemical cleaning is required.
1. If the output gradually decreases by 15% due to factors other than temperature and pressure, it means that the reverse osmosis membrane needs chemical cleaning;
2. If the water quality of the produced water gradually decreases and exceeds the original index by 15% (excluding the factors of raw water changes), it means that the reverse osmosis membrane needs chemical cleaning;
3. If the water production and desalination rate decrease by 2 compared to the initial operation or after the last cleaning. When 5-10% (excluding factors that may cause changes). This indicates that the reverse osmosis membrane requires chemical cleaning;
4. When the pressure difference between each section of the device is 1-2 times that during initial operation or after the last cleaning, it indicates that the reverse osmosis membrane needs to be chemically cleaned;
Chemical cleaning must be performed by professionals or under the guidance of professionals. For technical issues, please refer to Appendix A "Polymer
"List of cleaning of amide reverse osmosis membranes".
i. The temperature of the equipment installation site should be between 4℃-40℃. If the equipment is shut down for a long time, preservatives should be added to the system. The initial addition of preservatives should be performed by professionals or under the guidance of professionals. (See Appendix C for a list of fungicides and protective liquids for membrane elements)
Troubleshooting and precautions
I. Troubleshooting
During the operation of the reverse osmosis equipment, some faults and problems may occasionally occur due to various reasons. When a problem occurs, the operation record should be checked in detail, the cause of the fault should be analyzed, and the fault should be analyzed, judged and eliminated according to Appendix B "Common System Faults and Treatment List".
II. Precautions
1. For newly put into use reverse osmosis equipment or newly replaced components, low-pressure flushing must be carried out to drain the membrane protective agent from the concentrated water and produced water to prevent the protective agent from flowing into the finished water tank, and the water produced by the running and discharging water pump must be of qualified quality.
2. The normal operating temperature of the reverse osmosis equipment is 5℃-45℃, the optimal temperature is 24℃-27℃, and the maximum temperature is 45℃. For every degree increase or decrease in the inlet temperature, the water production will increase or decrease by 2.7-3.0%. Because the effluent in winter should appropriately adjust the RO inlet pressure to adjust its water production.
3. Once the reverse osmosis device is put into operation, it must be turned on and run for at least 1 hour every day, and on-duty personnel should be arranged on duty during holidays.
4. After the high-pressure pump is started, the concentrated water regulating valve must not be closed during operation to prevent the membrane, membrane shell and pump bearing from exceeding the limit and being damaged.
5. It should be noted that this high-pressure pump cannot be operated under closed pressure.
Shanghai Qingyuan Zhihui Water Treatment Equipment Co., Ltd.
